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    • In the present study we aimed to

    2022-01-06

    In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a common dairy and beef genetic background on the mRNA Rofecoxib of the AdipoQ system and GPR109A in different adipose depots and liver.
    Materials and Methods
    Results Comparing fat masses between families (fat-type vs. lean-type cows), all quantified AT masses were higher in fat-type animals, but IMtop was not. No differences were observed for liver mass or fat and glycogen concentrations in liver (Table 2). At 93 DIM, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and glucagon (as a trend) were lower in lean-type animals (Table 3). Details on carcass characteristics, glucose metabolism, and blood metabolites in both families after a glucose tolerance test were published recently (Hammon et al., 2010). Analysis of hepatic AMPK activation, expressed as ratio between pAMPK and AMPK, revealed no differences between the 2 families (P=0.81; data not shown). Differences in expression of the target mRNA within the AT depots in each family revealed comparable patterns between the crossbreeds (Figure 1A). In both families, the abundance of AdipoQ mRNA was highest in kidney fat. No differences were observed among different AT depots for AdipoR2 mRNA. The highest abundance for AdipoR1 mRNA was found in SCback; this depot also showed the highest values of GPR109A mRNA. Between the families, differences in the abundance of the target mRNA were observed in some of the depots (Figure 1A). Expression of AdipoQ mRNA tended to be higher in mesenteric AT of fat-type cows compared with lean-type cows. This was also the case for AdipoR1 mRNA in kidney and mesenteric AT and for AdipoR2 in s.c. AT from SCback AT, the latter as a trend. In contrast, GPR109A mRNA was more abundantly expressed in kidney fat of lean-type cows. Higher values were observed for AdipoR2 and GPR109A mRNA in liver of lean-type versus fat-type cows, although only a trend was observed for GPR109A mRNA (Figure 1B). As illustrated in Figure 2, correlation analysis between the target mRNA and different fat masses showed different patterns between families. Numerically more correlations were found in the lean-type group (Figure 2B). In both families, AdipoQ mRNA in mesenteric AT exhibited the most interactions, all of which were positive (Figure 2A and 2B). In both cases, correlations were mostly related to inner fat masses in contrast to s.c. fat and intermuscular fat. Within the fat-type group, AdipoQ mRNA in kidney fat was negatively correlated to inner fat mass and moderately correlated with total fat mass. In contrast, AdipoQ mRNA abundance in mesenteric fat was positively related to total fat mass, kidney, mesenteric, omental, and IMtop in the fat-type group. For AdipoR1 and GPR109A mRNA, negative correlations with some of the fat masses were observed in this group, which differed depending on the target mRNA. In the lean-type cows, the mRNA abundance of AdipoQ was not correlated with IMtop but showed a moderate correlation with SCtot as a trend. Interestingly, AdipoR2 was not correlated with the different fat masses within the fat-type family, in contrast to the lean-type family. In these animals, AdipoR2 mRNA in kidney fat was strongly correlated to omental and mesenteric AT. Abundance of AdipoR2 mRNA in mesenteric fat was moderately significantly correlated with 6 other compartments. In both families, AdipoR1 mRNA showed only 3 moderate negative correlations in total. The GPR109A mRNA in AT was negatively correlated with the different fat masses in each case. Most correlations between GPR109A mRNA abundance and the different fat masses were related to GPR109A mRNA in kidney fat. Compared with the fat-type cows, GPR109A mRNA in the lean-type group showed numerically more interactions. Correlation analyses between target mRNA and blood metabolites showed different expression patterns between the cows of the 2 families, which are reported in Figure 3. As observed for fat masses, more correlations were found within the lean-type family (Figure 3B). Remarkably, in lean-type cows, the strongest correlations between the AdipoQ system and glucagon were observed; mainly mesenteric AT was involved. Adiponectin mRNA in kidney AT was strongly negatively correlated to glucose concentrations in lean-type animals. The mRNA expression of AdipoQ, AdipoR1 (trend), and AdipoR2 in mesenteric AT were positively correlated and AdipoR1 mRNA in SCback AT (trend) was negatively correlated with glucagon. Within the fat-type animals, only 2 positive correlations were observed: between glucagon and AdipoQ mRNA in kidney AT and between glucagon and AdipoR1 mRNA in mesenteric AT as a trend.