• Initially studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signal

  2019-12-27

  

  Initially, studies of GPCRs predominantly assessed the signalling pathways downstream of receptors on the cell surface. There is now an understanding that GPCRs can localize to and signal from various intracellular compartments, such as the nucleus (reviewed in [40]). These intracellular pools of re

• Since clinical studies mostly involved cases that used MPA d

  2019-12-27

  

  Since clinical studies mostly involved cases that used MPA, data from studies that examined other types of progestogens are very limited. While the WHI study examined the combination of conjugated equine estrogens plus MPA [1], the Million Women Study [2] that also demonstrated an increased risk of

• NSC 87877 p and p which are

  2019-12-27

  

  p21 and p16, which are downstream of pAkt and pERK1/2, are tumor suppressors which induce cell senescence and NSC 87877 arrest [[56], [57], [58]]. Inhibitors of pAkt or pERK1/2 can activate p21 and p16 and promote cell senescence and cell cycle arrest [11,12,[59], [60], [61]]. It is well known that

• The biological actions of ET are mediated via two distinct

  2019-12-27

  

  The biological actions of ET‐1 are mediated via two distinct receptor subtypes, the endothelin A and endothelin B receptors (ETA/ETB). While activation of ETA is assumed to mediate contraction of smooth muscle cells, the activity of ETB is related to transient vasodilation [22]. In human corpus cave

• Numerous studies have investigated the contribution of N cad

  2019-12-27

  

  Numerous studies have investigated the contribution of N-cadherin to metastasis and tumorigenesis. The overexpression of N-cadherin has been shown to enhance tumor invasion and motility in multiple cancer models [25,40,48]. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a strong EMT inducer. In fact,

• br Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin

  2019-12-27

  

  Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin biology has been rapidly expanding. The role of the ubiquitin system in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states has increased the interest in finding new strategies to pharmacologically interfere with the enzymes responsible of the ubiquitinatio

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Although a

  2019-12-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although autophagy is known to be implicated in the therapeutic effect of DNA alkylating agents such as MNNG [28], [29], [30], the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy induced by MNNG remain largely elusive. In this study, we present evidence sh

• Our western blotting results showed that

  2019-12-26

  

  Our western blotting results showed that phospho-DDR1 levels continued to increase after I/R injury, and the overall activation trend between phospho-DDR1 and MMP-9 was the same. We found that phospho-DDR1 expression started to increase significantly at 12h after I/R injury, which may be related to

• br Acknowledgements We are grateful to the

  2019-12-26

  

  Acknowledgements We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21571033 and 81503099) and the New Drug Creation Project of the National Science and Technology Major Foundation of China (Grant No. 2015ZX09101032) for financial aids to this work. The research was a

• online Among the different factors that modulate Schwann cel

  2019-12-26

  

  Among the different factors that modulate Schwann cell biology, several studies pointed out the role played by neuroactive steroids, in particular progesterone (P4) and its derivatives dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and allopregnanolone (ALLO). Schwann online are steroidogenic, possessing the entire enz

• Primary renal PNET was first

  2019-12-26

  

  Primary renal PNET was first reported by Seemayer et al in 1975. The possible etiology of rPNET is based on the theory of neural cell intussusception in the kidney during development that initiates the tumorigenesis. rPNET most commonly affects young adults, with a mean age of 30.4 years and male pr

• Co operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has

  2019-12-26

  

  Co-operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has been recently reported in PCCL3 thyroid cell line in which cAMP is pro-mitogenic, in Disulfiram to VSMC [19]. Our study demonstrates for the first time that PKA and Epac also synergise to inhibit cell proliferation in a cell type where cAMP in anti-mi

• br Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr Tai

  2019-12-26

  

  Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. Tai-Sheng Cheng, Yu-Wen Huang and Ting-Wei Gau for technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Science Council of TaiwanNSC 98-2320-B-024-002-MY3 and National University of TainanAB102-216. This information is available free of charge via th

• The pseudo DUBs KIAA and Abraxas are

  2019-12-26

  

  The pseudo DUBs KIAA0157 and Abraxas are required for the catalytic function of BRCC36. Comparison of the BRCC36–KIAA0157 heterodimer structure with an inactive BRCC36 homodimer structure provides a model for understanding how this functional interplay is achieved. As shown in schematic form in Figu

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-12-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although autophagy is known to be implicated in the therapeutic effect of DNA alkylating agents such as MNNG [28], [29], [30], the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy induced by MNNG remain largely elusive. In this study, we present evidence sh

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