• Despite their different effects on cell

  2023-01-05

  

  Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc

• It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic

  2023-01-05

  

  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD

  2023-01-05

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

• br The AHR functions in the immune system a tsunami

  2023-01-05

  

  The AHR functions in the immune system – a tsunami of exciting findings The research of recent years has convincingly established an important function of the AHR in linking chemical environmental cues to immune responses [21,22], and reviewed in [1,23]. As a side effect, a view of the AHR as “Th

• Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that anti

  2023-01-04

  

  Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that antioxidant and free radical scavenging agents have protective effects against brain damage, the results of preclinical trials are not as encouraging. Edaravone is a type of free radical scavenging drug that was first used as a neuroprotective

• The reductase activity in patients with OHD as

  2023-01-04

  

  The 5α-reductase activity in patients with 21-OHD, as assessed by the 5α-THF to 5β-THF (ratio 3) and by the 5α-17HP to 17HP (ratio 4) ratios, showed a similar pattern of activities (Fig. 2A–C) and significant correlations (ratio 1 vs. ratio 3; rs=0.67; pD-(-)-Salicin mg to the 5α-reducase activity,

• Matsuzaki et al attempted fertility therapy in a year

  2023-01-04

  

  Matsuzaki et al. attempted fertility therapy in a 26-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea and 17OHD who was a Z-Ligustilide heterozygote for delF53/54 and the missense mutation H373L, which has cycle supports this theory. Oocyte dysfunction with decreased granulosa cell activity might also co

• br Role of LPA in tumor angiogenesis

  2023-01-04

  

  Role of LPA in tumor angiogenesis and skeletal metastasis The angiogenesis switch is essential for tumor expansion and escape of tumor diluting solutions from the primary site and forming distant metastases. Evidence for the role of LPA2 and LPA3 in the mobility of endothelial cells and the form

• br Viral manipulation of host factors to oppose anti viral

  2023-01-04

  

  Viral manipulation of host factors to oppose anti-viral autophagy To escape or manipulate autophagy, some viruses developed strategies that are based on the recruitment of host-cell endogenous factors. The non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus adenovirus is rapidly endocytosed after attachment.

• br Introduction The process of mitosis is highly

  2023-01-04

  

  Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the ddhUTP resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play a key role in regulating the

• pramiracetam The accumulation of oxidized low density lipopr

  2023-01-04

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is one

  2023-01-04

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat, and it threatens human health severely [1]. Although various interventions, including surgical operation, radiofrequency ablation, and chemotherapy, have been endorsed, the prognosis of HCC patients remains p

• Finally the comparison between data obtained by antioxidant

  2023-01-04

  

  Finally, the comparison between data obtained by antioxidant assays in in vitro cultured cells [11], [12] and in liposomes has disclosed the possibility to choose more confidently “the better phenolipid” of a series of fatty acids esters antioxidant derivatives. Looking at the physical parameters th

• Based on the general structure function

  2023-01-04

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote

• Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD is a complex neurologica

  2023-01-04

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a progressive dementia resulting from synapse failure (Selkoe, 2002, Tanzi, 2005). The amyloid hypothesis maintains that the pivotal event in AD is the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides following the prote

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