• Regulation of pancreatic and cell mass has been

  2022-08-18

  

  Regulation of pancreatic α and β cell mass has been extensively studied and hotly debated, due to potential therapeutic implications. Early claims of Angptl8 as “betatrophin” and Angptl4 as a regulator of glucagon secretion and α cell proliferation (Yi et al., 2013, Ben-Zvi et al., 2015) have not st

• Ro 31-8220 Mesylate It was previously proposed that

  2022-08-18

  

  It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in the liver, in which a signal is produced and relayed to the Ro 31-8220 Mesylate via vagal nerves [8], [36], [37]. The concept that the liver is the primary target site was supported by the studies reporting that the glucagon receptor is localized in

• Among sensitizers tested in the previous study six test

  2022-08-18

  

  Among 22 sensitizers tested in the previous study, six test chemicals were pre- or pro-haptens (Nepal et al., 2018a). Among 6 chemicals, hydroquinone and 2-aminophenol, strong sensitizers, were falsely classified as non-sensitizers due to the lack of metabolic activation (Nepal et al., 2018a). Liter

• br The bile acid farnesoid X receptor FXR The Farnesoid

  2022-08-18

  

  The “bile acid” farnesoid X receptor (FXR) The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor belonging to the Nuclear Receptor superfamily of transcription factors exploiting various crucial functions in mammalian physiology, including reproduction, development and metabolism

• CC is a widespread disorder affecting up to of people

  2022-08-18

  

  CC is a widespread disorder affecting up to 20% of people worldwide, which also deteriorates the quality of life of patients and causes a substantial economic burden to society. There are 3 categories of CC: normal-transit constipation, slow-transit constipation and defecatory or rectal evacuation d

• Statins are recognized by their nephroprotective effect Chmi

  2022-08-18

  

  Statins are recognized by their nephroprotective effect (Chmielewski et al., 2002). The hepato- and nephroprotective effects of silymarin are also well studied (Alqasoumi, 2014, Mohamed et al., 2018). Several studies documented increasing WIKI4 of FXR by statins (Byun et al., 2014& (Lu et al., 2004

• br Promotion of GLS expression Glutamine

  2022-08-18

  

  Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino 3CAI starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutamate, which is

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Prenyltransferase catalyz

  2022-08-18

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Prenyltransferase catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, 1) and an allylic prenyl diphosphate to produce several prenyl diphosphates, which are then converted into steroids, carotenoids, prenyl side-chains of quinones, and pre

• Despite these multiple mechanisms of viral persistence one

  2022-08-18

  

  Despite these multiple mechanisms of viral persistence, one patient has been reportedly cured from HIV-1 infection . Timothy Brown, also known as the 'Berlin patient', was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 1995. After controlling viremia for several years via cART, he was diagnosed with acute myeloi

• Metal organic frameworks MOFs have emerged over

  2022-08-17

  

  Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged over the past two decades with the potentials to act as promising materials in gas storage, chemical separation, catalyst, magnetism, sensing, and drug delivery etc (Du et al., 2013, Zhou and Kitagawa, 2014). Additionally, the secondary interactions, such

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2022-08-17

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted protein signals patterns many tissues and structures during embryogenesis (Chiang et al., 1996, Dessaud et al., 2008, Ingham, 1993) and, post-embryonically, governs tissue homeostasis and regeneration by regulatin

• br Introduction Hepatitis B virus HBV infects about billion

  2022-08-17

  

  Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects about 2 billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver disease including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Trepo et al., 2014). Most current HBV therapies are based on nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferon alpha

• It has been known for some time that an

  2022-08-17

  

  It has been known for some time that an oral salt load given to mammals induces a much greater natriuresis than the intravenous administration of an equivalent amount of saline (Carey et al., 1976, Singer et al., 1998). In addition, oral administration of salt to rats has been reported to augmented

• GPR detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reac

  2022-08-17

  

  GPR35 detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA of cultured DRG neurons was extracted using the RNAqueous kit (Ambion). Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from 1μg of isolated total RNA with SuperScript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). An aliquot o

• In addition to gonadotropes GnRHRs have also been detected

  2022-08-17

  

  In addition to gonadotropes, GnRHRs have also been detected on somatotropes, lactotropes, thyrotropes, melanotropes, somatolactin (SL) cells, and/or corticotropes using immunohistochemical, radioligand-binding, or mRNA expression approaches across species; including fishes, rats, and humans (La Rosa

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